> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.openalex.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Map the SDG Research Landscape

> Compare how countries contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and find who leads each one

The [UN Sustainable Development Goals](https://sdgs.un.org/goals) give a shared framework for classifying research by societal impact. OpenAlex tags works with SDGs automatically, so you can map the global landscape with a handful of `group_by` calls. We'll compare India and Brazil to show how national research priorities diverge. <Tooltip headline="Under 1¢" tip="~5 List+Filter calls at $0.10 per 1,000"><Icon icon="coins" size={16} color="#DAA520" /></Tooltip>

## Step 1: See the global distribution

Group all works by SDG to see where the world's research effort goes:

```bash theme={"dark"}
https://api.openalex.org/works?group_by=sustainable_development_goals.id&per_page=5
```

```json theme={"dark"}
[
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/sdgs/3", "key_display_name": "Good health and well-being", "count": 22709013},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/sdgs/2", "key_display_name": "Zero hunger", "count": 13933476},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/sdgs/4", "key_display_name": "Quality education", "count": 11897329},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/sdgs/7", "key_display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "count": 11005161},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/sdgs/10", "key_display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "count": 9476374}
]
```

Health dominates globally — SDG 3 accounts for more tagged works than the next two combined.

## Step 2: Compare two countries

Filter by country code and group by SDG. Run one call per country:

```bash theme={"dark"}
# India
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=authorships.institutions.country_code:IN&group_by=sustainable_development_goals.id&per_page=10

# Brazil
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=authorships.institutions.country_code:BR&group_by=sustainable_development_goals.id&per_page=10
```

Each call returns the same shape — SDGs ranked by output. The rankings reveal different national priorities:

<div style={{display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center'}}>
  <table style={{width: 'auto', borderLeft: '3px solid var(--primary)', paddingLeft: '1rem'}}>
    <thead>
      <tr><th style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>#</th><th>India</th><th>Brazil</th></tr>
    </thead>

    <tbody>
      <tr><td style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>1</td><td>Good health and well-being</td><td>Good health and well-being</td></tr>
      <tr><td style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>2</td><td><strong>Affordable and clean energy</strong></td><td><strong>Quality education</strong></td></tr>
      <tr><td style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>3</td><td><strong>Zero hunger</strong></td><td><strong>Zero hunger</strong></td></tr>
      <tr><td style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>4</td><td><strong>Clean water and sanitation</strong></td><td><strong>Life on land</strong></td></tr>
      <tr><td style={{textAlign: 'right'}}>5</td><td>Life on land</td><td>Peace, justice, and strong institutions</td></tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

Both countries lead with health and food security, but India's #2 is energy while Brazil's is education. Brazil's emphasis on "Life on land" (#4) reflects its Amazon-related research.

## Step 3: Track a specific SDG over time

Pick an SDG and group by year to see growth trends. Here's SDG 13 (Climate Action):

```bash theme={"dark"}
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=sustainable_development_goals.id:https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13,publication_year:2015-2025&group_by=publication_year
```

```json theme={"dark"}
[
  {"key": "2015", "key_display_name": "2015", "count": 163264},
  {"key": "2018", "key_display_name": "2018", "count": 179558},
  {"key": "2021", "key_display_name": "2021", "count": 156949},
  {"key": "2024", "key_display_name": "2024", "count": 208595}
]
```

Climate research output grew steadily from 2015 to 2019, dipped briefly, then surged to a new high in 2024.

## Step 4: Find leading institutions

Group by institution within an SDG to find who's producing the most research:

```bash theme={"dark"}
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=sustainable_development_goals.id:https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13&group_by=authorships.institutions.id&per_page=5
```

```json theme={"dark"}
[
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "key_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "count": 34901},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "key_display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "count": 24791},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/I4210165038", "key_display_name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "count": 11505},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/I74801974", "key_display_name": "The University of Tokyo", "count": 9228},
  {"key": "https://openalex.org/I4210164339", "key_display_name": "Oldham Council", "count": 8833}
]
```

## Full script

This script compares any two countries' SDG profiles side by side:

```python theme={"dark"}
import requests

BASE = "https://api.openalex.org"

def api(endpoint, params):
    return requests.get(f"{BASE}/{endpoint}", params=params).json()

def sdg_profile(country_code):
    """Get a country's SDG distribution as {sdg_name: count}."""
    data = api("works", {
        "filter": f"authorships.institutions.country_code:{country_code}",
        "group_by": "sustainable_development_goals.id",
        "per_page": 17,
    })
    return {g["key_display_name"]: g["count"] for g in data["group_by"]}

# Compare two countries
country_a, country_b = "IN", "BR"
profile_a = sdg_profile(country_a)
profile_b = sdg_profile(country_b)

all_sdgs = sorted(set(profile_a) | set(profile_b),
                  key=lambda s: profile_a.get(s, 0) + profile_b.get(s, 0),
                  reverse=True)

total_a = sum(profile_a.values())
total_b = sum(profile_b.values())

print(f"{'SDG':<45} {country_a:>8} {country_b:>8}")
print("-" * 63)
for sdg in all_sdgs:
    share_a = profile_a.get(sdg, 0) / total_a
    share_b = profile_b.get(sdg, 0) / total_b
    print(f"  {sdg:<43} {share_a:>7.1%} {share_b:>7.1%}")
```

<Note>
  Works can be tagged with multiple SDGs, so percentages across all goals will sum to more than 100%. The shares still show relative emphasis — a country with 15% in energy vs. 5% is investing proportionally more research effort there.
</Note>