article | Original, citable research usually in a journal, including full research papers, brief communications, technical notes, and full-paper case reports. |
book | A scholarly book published as a complete, standalone volume, such as a monograph or authored or edited volume. |
book-chapter | A single chapter or section within a book, such as a contributed chapter in an edited volume, sometimes presenting original research. |
book-review | An evaluation of one book and its significance, such as a book review or a review essay focused on a single book, usually published in a journal’s book-review section. |
conference-abstract | A standalone abstract for a conference or symposium presentation, published without the accompanying full paper, such as a meeting abstract, poster abstract, or abstract-only proceedings record. |
conference-paper | A complete paper delivered at a conference, symposium, or meeting and usually appearing in the published proceedings, including proceedings papers and review talks given at a conference. |
data-paper | A peer-reviewed paper written mainly to describe a dataset, such as a data descriptor or data article, rather than to analyze it. |
dataset | The deposited data artifact itself, such as a dataset, data collection, or database record, typically with its own DOI, not a paper about the data. |
dissertation | A document submitted in completion of an academic degree or professional qualification, such as a PhD or master’s thesis or dissertation. |
editorial | A piece expressing the views of an individual, group, or organization on a broad topic rather than on one specific work, such as an editorial, commentary, interview, or research highlight. |
erratum | A journal-issued fix for mistakes in a published article, such as an erratum, corrigendum, or publisher correction, referencing the article it corrects. |
letter | A short message sent by readers to a journal’s editor responding to previously published material, such as a letter to the editor, reply, or reader comment. |
libguides | A library research guide (LibGuides) curated by librarians to point users toward resources on a topic or course. |
other | A catch-all for works that fit no other type, such as news items, obituaries, full journal issues, and non-scholarly repository media (photographs, video, audio). |
paratext | Records that package or frame a publication rather than carry its content, such as covers, title pages, tables of contents, and author guidelines. |
peer-review | A peer review or report about a single other work, rather than a survey of many, such as an open peer review, referee report, or reviewer report. |
preprint | An article whose primary location is a preprint repository such as arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, SSRN, or Research Square. |
reference-entry | A self-contained entry within a reference work, such as an encyclopedia article, dictionary entry, or handbook entry. |
report | A technical report or working paper issued outside the journal system by an institution, agency, or company, such as a technical report, white paper, or government report. |
retraction | A notice that formally withdraws an earlier work and explains why, with a reference to the work being retracted. |
review | A journal article that summarizes and evaluates the existing research on a topic without reporting new findings, such as a literature review, systematic review, or meta-analysis. |
software | A research software package or code released as a citable artifact, such as deposited code or a tagged software release with its own identifier, not a paper about it. |
software-paper | A peer-reviewed paper written mainly to describe research software, such as a software article or descriptor, rather than to report research results. |
standard | A formal standard or technical specification from a Standards Development Organization (SDO) or consortium, such as an ISO, IEEE, or W3C standard. |
supplementary-materials | Supporting materials accompanying a primary work, usually a journal article, such as supporting-information files, supplementary figures, tables, or appendices. |
